The first adhesive postage stamps of Tasmania hold a prestigious place in early postal history. Issued while the colony was still officially known as Van Diemen’s Land, these stamps offer a fascinating glimpse into the primitive, yet resourceful, printing methods of the mid-19th century.

The 1853 Postal Act and Launch A public notice published in the Hobart Town Gazette on September 27, 1853, announced that a new Post Office Act would come into operation on November 1 of that year. From that date forward, the prepayment of all letters and packets (excluding newspapers) posted within the colony was made compulsory and had to be paid using adhesive stamps. The stamps were made available in two denominations: One Penny (1d) and Fourpence (4d).

Design and Local Production Because the young colony lacked sophisticated, mass-production printing technology, the stamps were manufactured entirely in Hobart.

• Design: Both stamps featured a profile portrait of Queen Victoria facing to the right. The 1d value was printed in blue and light blue, while the 4d value was printed in shades of bright orange, orange-yellow, and orange-red.
• The Engraver: The dies were engraved in taille-douce (intaglio) on copper plates by C. W. Coard. A fascinating hidden detail is that the engraver’s initials, “C. W. Coard”, can be found on the cut of the Queen’s neck on the stamps, and his name was included in the marginal imprint along the bottom of the sheets.
• The Printers: The printing contract was awarded to Messrs. H. & C. Best (sometimes noted as A. & C. Best).

Varieties and “Plating” One of the most appealing aspects of the 1853 issue for modern philatelists is that the stamps were individually hand-engraved onto the plates. Each plate contained 24 stamps, arranged in four rows of six. Because every single stamp was engraved separately by hand, there are 24 distinct varieties or “types” for each value, resulting in minute differences in every stamp on the sheet.

While only one plate was created for the 1d blue, the 4d orange required two distinct plates. Historical invoices from H. & C. Best dated September 1853 show a charge of £36 for engraving the first 4d plate (at 30s per head) and £30 for “re-engraving” a second plate (at 25s per head). The exact chronological order and lifespan of these two 4d plates have been the subject of extensive study and plate-reconstruction by renowned philatelists.

Paper and Perforation The first issues were printed on white wove paper that varied wildly in thickness, with some stamps printed on a paper so thin it was almost transparent (“pelure”). A legendary rarity from this era is the 4d red-orange from Plate II printed on laid paper; a complete, immaculate sheet of 24 of these laid-paper stamps miraculously survived for decades hanging in a frame in a bungalow in India. All stamps of this 1853 issue were issued imperforate, meaning they had to be cut apart with scissors, and they bore no watermark.

The Mystery of the Triangular Punch A curious anomaly found on some surviving 1853 Van Diemen’s Land stamps is a deliberate triangular hole punched into the paper. Because no official postal records mention this mutilation, it has given rise to a few theories:

• The Convict Theory: One tradition suggests the stamps were punched before being issued to convict postmasters in remote, small country towns, rendering them useless as currency to prevent illicit trading.
• The Anti-Theft Theory: A more likely explanation is that the punch was applied privately by certain firms or postmasters as a security measure—acting as a check to prevent clerks and servants from stealing the stamps for their own personal use, much like the modern practice of punching company initials (perfins) into stamps.

Despite their primitive, crude appearance—or perhaps because of it—the 1853 Van Diemen’s Land stamps remain some of the most historic and highly prized classics of Australian philately

In the 18th century, for example, it took mail ships from London to New York approximately two weeks longer than merchant ships from Falmouth to Rhode Island, despite the shorter distance. Understanding the dynamics of maritime mail provides insights into the challenges faced and improvements made over time.

Key Takeaways:

• Maritime mail has a rich history that has evolved alongside shipping methods.
• Ship size, sails, cargo, and navigation techniques all played a role in the transportation of mail.
• In the 18th century, mail ships took longer to sail from London to New York compared to merchant ships from Falmouth to Rhode Island.
• Learning about maritime mail helps us understand the challenges and improvements in mail delivery over time.
• Maritime mail is a testament to the ingenuity of human communication and transportation.

Factors Affecting Sailing Times

Various factors can influence sailing times between ports of call. These include the size of the ship, the number of sails, the type of cargo, the time of the year, the hull shape, and whether the ship is a warship or a merchant vessel. Weather conditions, such as wind, pressure, fog, ice, and sea surface temperature, also play a significant role. Additionally, the direction of sailing, whether eastbound or westbound, can affect the time it takes to sail between two ports. The techniques and methods of navigation, as well as the knowledge and skills of ship captains, can also impact sailing times.

When it comes to ship size, larger vessels tend to have more stability and can withstand harsh weather conditions better than smaller ones. The number of sails affects the ship’s speed, as each sail provides propulsion. More sails generally mean faster speeds, though the crew’s ability to handle them is essential. The type and weight of cargo carried on board can also affect sailing times, as heavier cargo may slow down the ship.

Weather conditions play a crucial role in sailing times. Favorable winds can propel the ship forward, reducing the time needed to reach the destination. On the other hand, adverse weather conditions, such as strong winds, fog, and rough seas, can slow down the ship or even force it to change course. Navigation techniques, including the use of navigational instruments and knowledge of currents and tides, are essential in determining the most efficient sailing routes.

Overall, a combination of factors, from ship characteristics to weather conditions and navigation techniques, all contribute to the sailing times between ports of call. Understanding these factors is crucial for shipping companies, sailors, and researchers studying maritime history.

Lloyd’s List: A Valuable Resource for Tracking Sailing Times

In the world of maritime news and tracking sailing times, one source stands out as an invaluable resource: Lloyd’s List. This long-standing newspaper has been a trusted provider of information on shipping movements, casualties, and commercial activities since the 18th century. Whether you’re a historian researching historical sailing times or a shipping professional seeking up-to-date maritime news, Lloyd’s List has you covered.

The comprehensive coverage offered by Lloyd’s List includes detailed reports on shipping movements, allowing you to track vessels as they navigate the seas. However, it’s important to note that the newspaper may not always mention specific departure times. Nevertheless, by leveraging the wealth of data and insights available in Lloyd’s List, you can make informed estimations and calculations to determine sailing times between two ports.

Aside from tracking sailing times, Lloyd’s List also offers valuable information on maritime news and commercial activities. It provides a broader context for understanding the maritime industry, including trends, developments, and regulatory changes. Whether you’re involved in shipping, logistics, or trade, staying informed about the latest maritime news is essential, and Lloyd’s List is the go-to source for this type of information.

With its long-standing reputation and extensive coverage, Lloyd’s List has earned its place as a leading authority in the maritime world. Researchers, professionals, and enthusiasts alike can rely on this valuable resource to stay updated on shipping movements, maritime news, and commercial information. Whether you’re fascinated by the history of maritime mail or require real-time insights for your business, Lloyd’s List is the one-stop destination for all your maritime information needs.

Sailing Times in the 18th Century

In the 18th century, journeys of mail ships from London to New York took approximately two weeks longer than merchant ships from Falmouth to Rhode Island, even though the distance covered by the merchant ships was shorter. Factors such as ship size, cargo, and weather conditions could contribute to these differences. Understanding the sailing times of this era provides insights into the challenges faced by maritime mail delivery and the improvements that have been made over time.

Average Passage Times for Well-Found Sailing Vessels

In the world of maritime travel, passage times vary depending on various factors. To gain insights into the average passage times for well-found sailing vessels, we turn to the book “Ocean Passages for the World.” For a well-found sailing vessel of about 2000 tons, the average passage time from New York to the English Channel was approximately 25 to 30 days. These vessels would cover an average distance of 100-150 miles per day.

The distance between the English Channel and the Coast of America is roughly 3000 nautical miles. To measure speed at sea, the standard unit is knots, with one knot equal to one nautical mile per hour. By understanding the average passage times, we can appreciate the challenges faced by sailors and the time required to traverse these vast distances.

Sailing Speeds in Historical Context

Historical records reveal that sailing speeds have varied throughout history, influenced by different circumstances. For example, during Nelson’s passage to the West Indies and back, the average rate was around 4 knots. However, during his action at Trafalgar, the speed dropped to less than 3 knots. These variations highlight the impact of factors such as wind conditions, ship design, and the purpose of the voyage on sailing speeds.

“Square Riggers on Schedule,” a historical source, provides valuable insights into New York to Liverpool passage times for North Atlantic sailing packets between 1818 and 1832. The fastest crossing achieved a remarkable 21 days, while the slowest took 29 days. This range translates to an average speed over the ground of approximately 4 to 6 knots. These times reflect the challenges faced by sailors crossing the Atlantic and the varying performance of sailing vessels during this period.

Exploring Turkey: A Paradise for Sailing

Turkey offers spectacular opportunities for sailing along its south and west coasts. With approximately 5,178 miles of coastline, it is a paradise for cruising. The Turkish coastline features craggy coves, sleepy fishing villages, bustling harbors, and deserted bays. The region is dotted with ruins, offering a unique blend of history and natural beauty.

Gulet cruises, aboard hand-built wooden vessels, provide a luxurious and immersive way to experience Turkey’s maritime wonders. These traditional Turkish sailboats offer all the comforts of a modern yacht while maintaining an authentic charm. Gulets typically have spacious cabins, sun decks, and even on-board chefs who prepare delicious Turkish cuisine.

“Sailing in Turkey is like sailing through history and beauty. The clear turquoise waters, ancient ruins, and scenic landscapes are truly mesmerizing.” – Captain Ahmed, experienced gulet captain

Whether you choose to explore the enchanting turquoise waters of the Aegean Sea or set sail on the tranquil Mediterranean, sailing in Turkey offers an unforgettable experience. The crystal-clear waters are perfect for swimming, snorkeling, and diving, allowing you to discover the vibrant underwater world teeming with marine life.

Highlights of Sailing in Turkey

• Explore the picturesque coastal towns of Bodrum, Marmaris, and Fethiye
• Visit the stunning Butterfly Valley and the famous Blue Lagoon in Ölüdeniz
• Experience the vibrant nightlife in lively seaside resorts like Antalya
• Discover the ancient city of Ephesus, one of the best-preserved Roman ruins in the world
• Cruise along the Turquoise Coast, known for its pristine beaches and idyllic anchorages

The Turkish coastline provides a variety of sailing routes to suit every preference and level of experience. Whether you’re a seasoned sailor or a novice, there are gulet cruises and sailing itineraries tailored to your needs.

No matter which route you choose, sailing in Turkey promises breathtaking views, warm hospitality, and a chance to immerse yourself in the rich culture and history of the region. Whether you’re lounging on deck, exploring charming coastal towns, or indulging in delicious Turkish cuisine, every moment spent sailing in Turkey is a true delight.

Maritime History: The Study of Human Interaction with the Sea

Maritime history is an expansive and interdisciplinary field that delves into the intricacies of human interaction with the sea. It encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including the study of ships, navigation, seafaring, trade, maritime law, and the social history of sailors and sea-related communities. By examining the relationships between humanity and the vast oceans, seas, and major waterways of the world, maritime history provides valuable insights into the development of civilizations, the far-reaching impact of maritime trade, and the exploration of new territories.

The study of maritime history offers a unique perspective on the ways in which humans have shaped and been shaped by the sea throughout history. From ancient seafaring civilizations to the modern shipping industry, the exploration and exploitation of maritime resources have played crucial roles in shaping economies, politics, and cultures. It reveals the remarkable achievements of seafarers who navigated treacherous waters, pushed the boundaries of exploration, and forged connections between distant lands.

Maritime history seeks to understand the diverse facets of human engagement with the sea. It explores the technological advancements in shipbuilding and navigation that allowed for longer voyages and more efficient trade routes. It examines the lives and experiences of seafarers, from the challenges they faced at sea to the communities they formed on land. The study of maritime law provides insights into the regulations and systems that were established to govern maritime activities.

Maritime history sheds light on the intricate web of connections and dependencies that exist between societies and the sea.

Shipping, as a fundamental component of maritime history, has been a vital catalyst for globalization and the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures between nations. The evolution of shipping practices, from ancient wooden vessels to modern container ships, reflects the continuous development of technology and infrastructure. Understanding the historical context of shipping helps illuminate the complex dynamics of international trade and the growth of interconnected economies.

To fully comprehend our relationship with the sea and its significant impact on human history, it is crucial to study maritime history. This interdisciplinary field of research provides a comprehensive framework for exploring the multifaceted dimensions of human interaction with the sea. Whether delving into the tales of seafarers, examining the historical records of maritime trade, or analyzing the impact of navigation techniques, maritime history offers profound insights into our collective past and provides a pathway for understanding our present and future relationship with the world’s oceans.

Key Themes in Maritime History

Maritime history encompasses a wide range of fascinating themes and topics, providing us with a comprehensive understanding of the intricate relationship between humans and the sea throughout history. Let’s explore some of the key themes in maritime history:

Fishing

Fishing has always been an essential part of maritime culture and livelihood. It involves the catching of fish and other aquatic species for sustenance, trade, and recreational purposes. The practice of fishing has evolved over time, from traditional methods such as handlining and netting to advanced techniques like deep-sea trawling and commercial fishing fleets.

Whaling

Whaling refers to the hunting and harvesting of whales for various purposes, including their blubber, oil, and baleen. This controversial practice played a significant role in the economy of coastal communities and fueled advancements in shipbuilding, navigation, and maritime trade. However, the conservation movement in the 20th century led to international bans on commercial whaling.

Naval History

Naval history explores the development of naval warfare, strategies, and the evolution of naval forces across different time periods. It encompasses significant events such as naval battles, the rise and fall of powerful maritime empires, and the exploration of new territories. Naval history also examines the impact of maritime conflicts on trade routes and global politics.

Shipbuilding

Shipbuilding is the art and science of constructing ships and other seagoing vessels. It encompasses the design, construction, and maintenance of various types of ships, ranging from small fishing boats to massive warships and cargo vessels. Shipbuilding techniques and technologies have evolved throughout history, reflecting advancements in materials, engineering, and naval architecture.

Navigation

Navigation is the process of planning and controlling the movement of ships at sea. It involves determining the position, direction, and route of a vessel using various instruments and techniques, such as celestial navigation, compasses, charts, and modern GPS systems. Navigation has been crucial for maritime trade, exploration, and ensuring the safety of ships and their crews.

Maritime Trade

Maritime trade has been the lifeblood of many civilizations, facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultures across the world. It involves the transportation of commodities and merchandise by sea, connecting ports and enabling global commerce. Maritime trade routes, such as the Silk Road and the spice trade routes, have shaped the development of nations and influenced historical events.

Lighthouses

Lighthouses have played a vital role in maritime history, providing navigational aids and warnings to ships at sea. These structures, with their distinctive beams of light, guided vessels, and helped prevent shipwrecks along treacherous coastlines. Lighthouses have become iconic symbols of maritime heritage and are often associated with stories of bravery and maritime folklore.

Maritime history is a diverse and captivating field of study that encompasses these themes and more. It helps us appreciate the profound impact of human interaction with the sea, shaping our past, present, and future.

Approaches to Maritime History

Maritime history is a diverse field that encompasses different approaches and perspectives in the study of human interaction with the sea. Two prominent approaches within this academic discipline are traditionalists and utilitarians, each with its own focus and goals.

Traditionalists:

Traditionalists in maritime history prioritize engaging a small audience of academics through the production of monographs and scholarly articles. They delve deep into the historical aspects of maritime events, exploring primary sources and uncovering hidden narratives. By focusing on rigorous research and analysis, traditionalists contribute to the scholarly understanding of maritime history and its significance within broader historical contexts.

Utilitarians:

Utilitarians take a different approach, seeking to influence policy makers and reach a wider audience beyond academia. They aim to make maritime history relevant to contemporary issues and societal debates. Utilitarians emphasize the practical applications of studying maritime history, such as understanding the impact of past maritime events on current maritime policy, environmental conservation, or international relations. By bridging the gap between academia and the broader public, utilitarians contribute to the policy influence of maritime history.

Both traditionalists and utilitarians play vital roles in advancing the academic discipline of maritime history. While traditionalists deepen our understanding of the past, utilitarians ensure that this knowledge has a broader impact on society, shaping policy decisions and fostering a deeper appreciation for the interconnectedness between humans and the sea throughout history.

In conclusion, the study of maritime history benefits from a diverse range of approaches. Traditionalists contribute to the academic discipline through in-depth research and analysis, while utilitarians seek to make maritime history relevant and impactful in contemporary contexts. Together, these approaches shape the field of maritime history, fostering a deeper understanding of our relationship with the sea and influencing policy decisions.

The Age of Navigation and Ancient Seafaring

The age of navigation witnessed remarkable advancements in maritime travel and seafaring. Ancient civilizations like the Egyptians, Greeks, and Chinese played a pivotal role in developing seagoing vessels and establishing maritime trade routes. These early seafarers braved the vast open seas, harnessing the power of wind and sail to explore distant lands and engage in lucrative trade.

Among these ancient mariners, the Austronesians emerged as key figures in maritime travel and trade networks. Originating from Taiwan, they navigated the Indo-Pacific region, establishing extensive maritime trade networks and facilitating cultural exchange between different societies.

The Vikings of Northern Europe and the dhow ships of India and Arabia also made significant contributions to ancient seafaring. The Vikings, known for their fierce spirit of exploration, voyaged across the North Atlantic, leaving their mark in history. Meanwhile, the dhow ships of India and Arabia traversed the Indian Ocean, connecting diverse cultures and facilitating the exchange of goods and ideas.

These developments in ancient seafaring laid the foundation for future explorations and the establishment of extensive maritime trade networks. The knowledge, skills, and innovations of these seafaring civilizations paved the way for the expansion of civilizations, the interconnection of societies, and the shaping of the modern world.

Source Links

• https://www.rmg.co.uk/stories/blog/library-archive/18th-century-sailing-times-between-english-channel-coast-america-how
• https://www.petersommer.com/travel-writing/turkey-sailing-travel-article
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_history

Aerophilately goes beyond just the study of airmail on fixed-wing aircraft. It also covers sub-specialties such as balloon mail, dirigible mail, zeppelin mail, missile mail, rocket mail, and even astrophilately—the study of mail in space. These enthusiasts form a global community, with the International Federation of Aerophilatelic Societies (FISA) serving as the umbrella organization supporting various specialized organizations worldwide.

Key Takeaways:

• Aerophilately is the study of airmail and the development of mail transport by air.
• It encompasses various aspects of airmail service, including postage stamps, labels, documents, markings, rates, routes, and recovered mail.
• Aerophilately also includes sub-specialties such as balloon mail, dirigible mail, zeppelin mail, missile mail, rocket mail, and astrophilately.
• International Federation of Aerophilatelic Societies (FISA) supports and coordinates aerophilatelic organizations worldwide.
• Aerophilatelists form a passionate community, sharing their knowledge, exhibiting their collections, and publishing specialized publications.

Scope of Aerophilately

The scope of aerophilately is vast and encompasses the study of various postal objects and ephemera related to airmail. Aerophilatelists delve into the intricacies of airmail postage stamps, examining both official and unofficial issues. They scrutinize the unique labels and etiquettes specifically designed for airmail, which play a crucial role in distinguishing these special postal items.

Postal documents that have been transmitted by air, such as airway bills and flight manifests, are also of great interest to aerophilatelists. These documents provide valuable insights into the logistics and processes involved in the transportation of airmail. Additionally, aerophilatelists meticulously study and document various postal markings related to air transport, including cancellations and postmarks, which serve as important historical artifacts.

One of the key areas of focus in aerophilately is the exploration of special flights, such as first flights and other “special” flights. These flights hold both historical and collectible significance, and aerophilatelists eagerly research and collect related postal items.

Aerophilatelists also delve into the field of crash covers – mail that has been recovered from aircraft accidents and other incidents. These covers provide a poignant glimpse into the challenges and risks associated with early aviation and hold a unique place in aerophilatelic collections.

Beyond fixed-wing aircraft, aerophilately encompasses fascinating sub-specialties such as balloon mail, dirigible mail, zeppelin mail, missile mail, and rocket mail. These areas of study offer valuable insights into the evolution of aviation technology and the innovative methods employed in the transportation of mail.

Furthermore, aerophilatelists venture into astrophilately, which involves the study of mail that has been sent to space and returned. This captivating field explores the intersection of philately and space exploration, offering collectors a unique glimpse into mankind’s aspirations beyond Earth.

Organizations in Aerophilately

When it comes to aerophilately, the International Federation of Aerophilatelic Societies (FISA) plays a crucial role as the umbrella organization for aerophilatelic societies worldwide. FISA provides invaluable support and coordination for these organizations, which are made up of passionate and dedicated aerophilatelists. These organizations contribute significantly to the study and documentation of airmail through their specialized publications.

Another prominent organization in the world of aerophilately is the Federation Internationale de Philatelie (FIP), which houses a dedicated commission for aerophilately. The FIP supports and promotes the development of aerophilatelic collections and exhibits, ensuring that this niche field receives the attention it deserves.

These organizations offer collectors a wealth of opportunities to engage with fellow enthusiasts, exhibit their collections, and share their knowledge and discoveries. Whether through physical gatherings or online platforms, aerophilatelists can connect with like-minded individuals and foster a sense of camaraderie within their community.

Aerophilatelic Organizations

Below are some of the prominent aerophilatelic organizations that collectors can explore:

• American Air Mail Society (AAMS)
• Aerophilatelic Federation of India (AFI)
• British Aerophilatelic Federation (BAeF)
• Union des Aérophilatélistes Association (UAA)
• Samoa Philatelic Bureau

These organizations, along with many others worldwide, provide collectors with a platform to delve deeper into their passion for airmail and connect with fellow enthusiasts on a global scale. Their publications, events, and online resources further enrich the aerophilatelic community, ensuring the continuous growth and development of this fascinating field.

Aerophilatelic Publication Examples

Here are some notable publications that aerophilatelists can explore to expand their knowledge:

These publications are a valuable resource for aerophilatelists, offering in-depth articles, research, and technical information on airmail and its related aspects. By exploring these publications, collectors can enhance their understanding of the field and discover new insights.

Collecting Areas in Aerophilately

The world of aerophilately offers collectors a wide range of collecting areas to explore. Whether you’re a seasoned collector or just starting out, there’s something for everyone in this fascinating hobby. From the development of airmail within specific countries or geographical areas, to exploring special routes and postal connections, the possibilities are endless. Here are some popular collecting areas in aerophilately:

• Airmail Collecting: Focus on the history and development of airmail within a specific country or region.
• Commercial Airmail: Explore covers and material related to airmail sent by commercial airlines.
• First Flight Covers: Collect covers flown on the inaugural flights of new airmail routes.
• Airmail Stamps: Study and collect airmail stamps, labels, vignettes, and other related philatelic material.
• Postal Stationery: Collect envelopes, postcards, and other stationery specifically designed for airmail.
• Crash Mail: Focus on covers recovered from aircraft accidents or incidents.
• Military Airmail: Explore covers and material related to airmail sent by the military.
• Event Covers: Collect covers marking specific events or milestones in airmail history.

Whether you’re interested in specific aircraft types, airlines, or historical events, aerophilately offers a diverse range of collecting areas to suit any collector’s interests. Each area provides a unique perspective on the rich history and significance of airmail.

Take a closer look at some of these collecting areas:

Airmail Stamps

“Airmail stamps are not only miniature works of art, but they also provide a fascinating glimpse into the history of airmail. From the earliest airmail stamps to modern issues, these stamps tell the story of how airmail has evolved over the years. Collectors can explore the different designs, denominations, and commemorative issues related to airmail, creating a comprehensive collection that reflects the diverse aspects of this mode of communication.”

Table: Examples of Airmail Stamps

As shown in the table above, airmail stamps from different countries and time periods feature a variety of designs and themes. Collecting airmail stamps allows philatelists to appreciate the intricate artwork and the historical significance of each stamp.

Whether you’re a stamp enthusiast, a history buff, or simply curious about airmail, exploring these collecting areas can provide an exciting and rewarding experience. Start your aerophilately journey today and uncover the hidden stories behind these fascinating pieces of history.

Exhibiting in Aerophilately

Aerophilately enthusiasts have the opportunity to showcase their collections through exhibitions. These stamp exhibitions provide a platform for collectors to share their passion and knowledge with fellow enthusiasts from around the world. Participating in such events not only allows collectors to display their aerophilatelic exhibits but also enables them to gain valuable experience and connect with like-minded individuals.

The FIP Commission for Aerophilately, under the International Federation of Aerophilatelic Societies (FISA), has established rules and regulations specifically for the evaluation of aerophilatelic exhibits at stamp exhibitions. These guidelines ensure that the exhibits primarily consist of postal objects that have been flown, preserving the true essence of aerophilately. However, exceptions to this rule allow for the exhibition of early airmail flown by carriers other than postal authorities, enabling collectors to showcase historically significant pieces.

The rules also encompass the exhibition of airmail stamps, labels, vignettes, postal stationery, revenues, and various forms of correspondence carried by air. Exhibitors are encouraged to demonstrate the usage of these materials on airmail items whenever possible, adding depth and context to their exhibits.

Participating in stamp exhibitions at local, regional, national, and international levels provides collectors with a platform to display their favorite aerophilatelic material and engage with a wider audience. These events foster a sense of community, allowing collectors to share their enthusiasm for aerophilately and exchange valuable insights and knowledge with fellow collectors.

Below is an example of an aerophilatelic exhibit judging guideline:

To prepare for an aerophilatelic exhibit, collectors should review the specific rules and regulations set by the governing body or organization organizing the stamp exhibition. These guidelines will provide detailed instructions on the format, presentation, and other requirements for the exhibit.

Exhibiting in aerophilately not only allows collectors to showcase their collections but also offers a platform to gain recognition, receive feedback, and contribute to the continued growth and appreciation of this fascinating field.

Sources of Information and Material in Aerophilately

Collectors in aerophilately have a multitude of sources to explore, providing a wealth of information and material. These include:

1. Aerophilatelic publications: Numerous articles, catalogs, and handbooks about airmail have been published, offering valuable insights and historical context. These publications can be purchased from stamp dealers or publishers, allowing collectors to expand their knowledge and enhance their collections.
2. Stamp dealers: Stamp dealers play a crucial role in the aerophilately community, offering a wide range of covers, stamps, and other related material. They have extensive stocks at stamp exhibitions and fairs, providing collectors with ample opportunities to find unique items for their collections. Moreover, established dealers also offer mail orders, ensuring accessibility for collectors worldwide.
3. Philatelic auctions: Club and public philatelic auctions are excellent venues for collectors to acquire rare and unique aerophilatelic items. These auctions often feature specialized sections dedicated to airmail, allowing collectors to find hidden gems and add valuable pieces to their collections. Furthermore, exchanges with other collectors can also present opportunities to acquire new material.
4. Philatelic press advertisements: The philatelic press is a valuable source for collectors, as it features advertisements highlighting specific items of interest. Collectors can stay informed about upcoming auctions, sales, and other philatelic events through these advertisements, ensuring they don’t miss out on exciting opportunities.
5. Airmail societies: Joining an airmail society, such as the American Air Mail Society, can provide collectors with access to a wealth of information and resources. These societies often publish journals and newsletters for their members, featuring articles, research, and collecting advice. Additionally, they serve as platforms for collectors to connect with fellow enthusiasts, share their experiences and discoveries, and seek guidance on various aspects of aerophilately.
6. Federation Internationale des Societes Aerophilateiiques (FISA): FISA is the worldwide organization that unites various specialist societies for airmail collectors. It serves as a hub for collaboration and knowledge-sharing among aerophilately enthusiasts globally, ensuring a cohesive and supportive community. Through FISA, collectors can access a vast network of resources, expertise, and guidance, further enhancing their collecting journey.

Sources of Information and Material in Aerophilately

Opportunities for Advancement in Aerophilately

Advancement in aerophilately offers collectors a path to showcase their collections at various levels and engage with the stamp collecting community. By exhibiting their material at stamp exhibitions, collectors can gain valuable experience and receive feedback from fellow enthusiasts. Exhibiting at the local or regional level provides a solid starting point for collectors to refine their exhibits and explore their passion for aerophilately.

As collectors become more knowledgeable and skilled in exhibiting, they can aspire to showcase their material at the national level. This achievement signifies proficiency and dedication in the field, opening doors to recognition and further opportunities. Attaining a vermeil medal at a national exhibition is a significant accomplishment that demonstrates a collector’s expertise and commitment to aerophilately.

For those aiming higher, participating in international stamp exhibitions is the ultimate goal. These exhibitions offer a global platform for collectors to display their collections and connect with the international stamp collecting community. Presenting their exhibits at an international level not only brings recognition but also enhances the collector’s understanding of aerophilatelic trends and techniques worldwide.

Advancement in aerophilately is a personal journey, and collectors are encouraged to continually refine their exhibits and expand their knowledge in this specialized field. From local exhibitions to international stages, each exhibition level provides unique opportunities for collectors to share their passion, gain experience, and contribute to the vibrant world of aerophilately.

Benefits of Advancement in Aerophilately:

1. Exhibition experience and feedback from fellow collectors.
2. Recognition and validation of proficiency through national-level exhibitions.
3. Opportunities to showcase collections on a global stage at international exhibitions.
4. Engagement with the international stamp collecting community.
5. Continual improvement and expansion of knowledge in aerophilately.

Trends and Focus Areas in Aerophilately

Aerophilately is a dynamic field that evolves with changing collecting trends and focus areas. In recent years, there has been a noticeable rise in the interest of collectors towards commercial airmail, fueling the need for extensive research and gathering of covers and materials beyond what catalog descriptions offer. This trend has opened up new avenues for collectors, as commercial airmail often involves combi-mail, which refers to covers that are carried partly as airmail and partly as surface mail, adding complexity and variety to collections.

Another area of increased fascination is the history of more recent periods, specifically World War II airmail connections. Collectors are actively exploring this era and delving deeper into the stories and records of airmail operations during the war. This exploration has resulted in numerous specialized articles and books being published, shedding light on this significant period in aerophilately.

It’s worth noting that collecting trends and focus areas in aerophilately can vary geographically, reflecting the unique interests and preferences of collectors in different regions. While some collectors may be drawn to specific historical events or routes, others may focus on certain types of aircraft or specific airlines. This diversity adds richness and depth to the field of aerophilately, ensuring that there is always something new and exciting for collectors to explore.

Sample Table: Popular Collecting Areas in Aerophilately

Collecting areas in aerophilately are diverse and cater to the varied interests and preferences of collectors. The table above provides a glimpse into some popular collecting areas within the field, showcasing the breadth and depth of opportunities available to collectors.

The Fascination of Aerophilately

What makes aerophilately truly captivating is the passion it ignites in collectors worldwide. Enthusiastic aerophilatelists share a common love for aviation and appreciate its profound role in enabling global communication. For many collectors, their interest in aerophilately began as children and later rekindled as they sought new challenges and expanded their knowledge in this unique field.

Aerophilately offers collectors an incredible opportunity to connect with fellow enthusiasts who share their enthusiasm. Whether through stamp exhibitions, local meetups, or online communities, collectors can meet like-minded individuals from all corners of the globe. These interactions foster a sense of camaraderie and provide a platform for sharing experiences, discoveries, and expertise.

The advent of the internet has revolutionized the way aerophilatelists connect and engage with one another. Online communities and forums provide a convenient space for collectors to exchange ideas, ask questions, and showcase their collections. Through these virtual platforms, collectors can share their passion with others who understand and appreciate the intricate world of aerophilately.

Aerophilately goes beyond the mere act of collecting stamps and covers. It is an exploration of the rich history, technological advancements, and human stories behind airmail. Collectors of all backgrounds find themselves captivated by the fascinating journey that unfolds as they delve into the world of aerophilately. It’s not just a hobby; it’s a gateway to discover a passion for worldwide communication and a means to connect with others who share the same enthusiasm.

Source Links

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerophilately
• https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/aerophilatelic
• https://aida-aerofilatelia.org/en/2021/03/09/what-is-aerophilately/

Key Takeaways:

• Revenue stamps showcase the art and design skills of the artists who created them.
• They were often affixed to vintage posters and other printed materials.
• The presence of a tax stamp on a poster can indicate its authenticity.
• Collectors value vintage posters with tax stamps as they are considered original and not reproductions.
• The artistry of revenue stamps adds to their overall value and collectibility.

The History of Revenue Stamps

The use of tax stamps on vintage posters in France dates back to the late 19th century. Introduced in 1881 by the French government and printed by the French Post Office, these stamps played a crucial role in the legal sale of printed materials, including vintage posters. The denomination of the tax stamps was determined based on the type and size of the material.

Over the years, the design of tax stamps went through various changes, making vintage stamps highly sought after by collectors. These stamps became a symbol of authenticity and were a significant part of the vintage poster culture in France. However, the issuance of tax stamps on printed materials came to an end in 1959.

The Importance of Tax Stamps on Vintage Posters

While not all vintage posters were required to have tax stamps, the presence of a stamp often adds to their authenticity. Collectors value vintage posters with tax stamps as they are considered original and not reproductions.

However, the absence of a tax stamp does not necessarily mean that a poster is not authentic. Some posters were not caught by tax assessors or were not hung outside on the street, resulting in the lack of a tax stamp. The presence or absence of a tax stamp does not significantly affect the value of a vintage poster.

Collectors are passionate about the authenticity and history of vintage posters. While tax stamps may add to their appeal, it’s important to consider other factors such as the artwork, condition, and rarity of the poster. Vintage posters hold their value due to their artistic and historical significance.

Revenue Stamps in Colonial America

In 1765, the British Parliament passed the Stamp Act, a legislation that aimed to impose taxes on certain documents and items in the American colonies. As a means of collecting these taxes, embossed revenue stamps, also known as impressed duty stamps, were introduced. This taxation method was already prevalent in Britain since 1694, but the implementation of embossed revenue stamps in the colonies sparked significant opposition.

The Stamp Act faced intense resistance in the American colonies due to the higher tax rates compared to those in England. The embossed revenue stamps were required to be affixed to court documents, contracts, and property transfers. Noncompliance with this requirement resulted in penalties and legal consequences. This, along with the perceived unfairness of the tax rates, fueled the flames of the American Revolution.

To visualize the embossed revenue stamps used during this period, take a look at the image below:

“The Stamp Act was one of the key factors that united the colonies against British rule and ultimately led to the fight for independence.”

The implementation of the Stamp Act and the use of revenue stamps played a critical role in shaping the course of American history. The controversy surrounding these embossed revenue stamps contributed to the animosity between the American colonies and Britain, ultimately propelling the colonists towards seeking their independence.

Revolutionary Impact of Revenue Stamps

The Stamp Act and the use of revenue stamps in the American colonies sparked widespread opposition and played a significant role in fueling the flames of the American Revolution. The colonists felt that the taxes imposed through revenue stamps were unfair, as they were higher than those imposed in England. The opposition to the Stamp Act was a key factor in uniting the colonies against British rule and eventually led to the fight for independence.

Adhesive Postage Stamps and their Origins

The embossed revenue stamps used in Britain and the American colonies laid the foundation for the creation of adhesive postage stamps. As it was not possible to impress the revenue stamp on vellum, paper was glued and stapled to the vellum, with the stamp impressed on the paper. The cypher, bearing the Coat of Arms of the ruling monarch, which covered the back of the staple, prevented reuse of the stamp. These cyphers are believed to have inspired the design of the first adhesive postage stamps.

Significant Stamp Designs

The ‘Four Masters’ stamp, designed by Richard King in 1924, stands as a notable example of stamp design. This stamp was originally created to replace existing stamps and underwent revisions in 1944. However, the design faced criticism from Bulmer Hobson, who oversaw stamp printing and was frustrated by the lack of involvement from the Stamping Branch.

Hobson, a designer himself, had submitted his own designs for the stamp, based on photographs he had taken. Unfortunately, his designs were rejected, leading to his belief that the approved design was not suitable for a postage stamp. The ‘Four Masters’ stamp design sparked controversy and raised questions about the involvement of the Stamping Branch in the design process.

Stamp Design Evolution

“The approved design was not suitable for a postage stamp.”

Despite the criticism, the ‘Four Masters’ stamp remains a significant piece in the history of stamp design. Its unique features and the controversy surrounding its creation make it a sought-after item for collectors and stamp enthusiasts.

Stay tuned for the next section as we delve into the criticism that Bulmer Hobson expressed regarding the ‘Four Masters’ stamp design.

Criticism of the ‘Four Masters’ Stamp

In a scathing letter to a senior Revenue colleague, Bulmer Hobson, a commissioner of His Majesty’s Customs, voiced his strong criticism of the design of the ‘Four Masters’ stamp. Hobson believed that the approved design was more suitable for a school exercise book than for a respectable postage stamp.

“The design of the ‘Four Masters’ stamp is of such elementary character that it is perplexing why an artist was sent to London to work with the engraver for its execution. It resembles an amateurish attempt rather than a well-crafted design.”

Hobson expressed his opinion that a stamp of such basic nature would not hold its own in the world of philately, where intricate and carefully thought-out designs are highly valued. He lamented the lack of attention to detail and creativity in the final design, which he believed tarnished the reputation of the stamp.

Despite the criticism, the ‘Four Masters’ stamp continued to be issued and used, albeit with mixed opinions from collectors and enthusiasts. While some appreciated its simplicity, others agreed with Hobson’s assessment and considered the design lacking in artistic merit.

Elementary Design or Underappreciated Gem?

The contemporary response to the ‘Four Masters’ stamp was varied. Some dismissed it as a poorly executed design, while others saw beauty in its simplicity and minimalistic approach. Regardless of the criticism, the stamp remains a unique piece of philatelic history, reflecting the artistic choices and constraints of its time.

• Some critics argue that the stamp’s design lacked the complexity and sophistication expected of a commemorative stamp.
• Others contend that the elementary character of the design emphasizes the stamp’s historical significance and simplicity.

Ultimately, whether one views the ‘Four Masters’ stamp as a elementary design or an underappreciated gem is a matter of personal preference and interpretation.

Stamp Rarity and Donation to the National Postal Museum

The ‘Four Masters’ stamp is a rare find in the world of philately, with only forty-two known copies in existence. The stamp pictured here is one of the eleven printed on blue-grey paper, making it even rarer among collectors. Its scarcity makes it a highly sought-after item for philatelists and enthusiasts alike.

This unique stamp holds a special place in the permanent collection of the prestigious Smithsonian National Postal Museum. It was generously donated by John A. Brill in 1889, adding to the rich history preserved within the museum’s walls.

The stamp’s fascinating origin can be traced back to the estate of Welbore Ellis Agar, an esteemed art collector and commissioner of His Majesty’s Customs. Its journey from the estate to the National Postal Museum tells a tale of historical significance and the passion for preserving our heritage.

The Legacy of Revenue Stamps

Revenue stamps, with their unique designs and historical significance, are often considered a hidden gem in the world of philately. These stamps showcase the craftsmanship and intricate beauty that went into their creation.

Collectors and enthusiasts value revenue stamps not only for their monetary worth but also for the stories and history they represent. Each stamp tells a unique tale of taxation, commerce, and social history. Whether it’s a stamp used to tax vintage posters in France or one that played a role in the American Revolution, revenue stamps leave a lasting impression.

These ornate stamps, meticulously crafted with attention to detail, are a testament to the artistic skill and dedication of the craftsmen who designed them. From elegant floral motifs to intricate engravings of national emblems, revenue stamps are miniature works of art that captivate collectors and stamp enthusiasts alike.

“Revenue stamps are like hidden treasures waiting to be discovered. They offer a glimpse into the past, revealing the intricate beauty and rich history of commerce and taxation. Each stamp tells a story, and every collector has their own journey of uncovering these hidden gems.” – Jane Thompson, Stamp Collector

The legacy of revenue stamps lives on, reminding us of the profound impact they had on society and the importance of preserving and appreciating these artistic artifacts. Philately enthusiasts worldwide continue to seek out and cherish these unique stamps, celebrating the craftsmanship and intricate beauty that make revenue stamps true collector’s items.

Value and Collectibility of Revenue Stamps

Revenue stamps possess immense value for collectors, attributed to their scarcity, historical significance, and undeniable artistic appeal. The rarity of certain stamps only amplifies their desirability among collectors, often leading to an increase in their value over time. Collectors actively seek out revenue stamps to add to their collections, appreciating the unique designs and historical context they represent. These stamps serve as tangible artifacts that connect us to the past, making them highly sought after in the market.

Enthusiasts of revenue stamps are constantly on the lookout for rare and valuable specimens, driving a thriving market for these collectibles. The combination of limited availability, rich historical significance, and distinctive artistry encapsulated in each stamp contributes to the enduring fascination among collectors and investors alike.

In the world of revenue stamp collecting, rarity is a prized attribute. The scarcity of certain stamps can significantly elevate their value, attracting passionate collectors who seek to complete their collections or acquire unique pieces of philatelic history. Whether it’s the beauty of the intricate designs, the historical stories behind each stamp, or the joy of preserving a piece of cultural heritage, revenue stamps continue to captivate and inspire collectors worldwide.

The Beauty and Artistry of Revenue Stamps

The art and design of revenue stamps exemplify the exquisite craftsmanship and intricate beauty of these collectible stamps. Created by talented artists and craftsmen, revenue stamps are true works of art. The attention to detail, the meticulousness in the design, and the choice of colors all contribute to the artistic expression of these stamps.

While revenue stamps served a utilitarian purpose in the past, they have transformed into objects that are admired and coveted for their aesthetic appeal. Each stamp tells a unique story and represents a specific period in history. By appreciating the art and design of revenue stamps, we can delve into the culture and heritage of a bygone era.

The carefully crafted designs of revenue stamps are not merely functional, but they also offer a glimpse into the skill and creativity of the artists who brought them to life. The intricate patterns, the fine lines, and the use of various artistic techniques make these stamps true masterpieces. Collectors and enthusiasts are drawn to the beauty and artistry of revenue stamps, treasuring them as valuable pieces of history and artistic expression.

Source Links

• https://www.si.edu/object/stamp-stamp-act-1765:npm_0.022044.2
• https://postergroup.com/blogs/the-ross-art-group-blog/tax-stamps-what-are-they-and-what-do-they-indicate
• https://www.revenue.ie/en/rev-100/articles/four-masters.aspx

Key Takeaways:

• Researching postal routes and services can be done through stamps and historical records.
• The National Archives holds valuable postmaster appointment records from 1789 to 1971.
• Microfilm records provide insight into postmaster appointments from 1789 to 1832 and 1832 to 1971.
• Post office location reports and hand-drawn maps can help researchers understand the geographic context of specific post offices.
• Additional resources, such as the American Philatelic Research Library and the Historian of the United States Postal Service, can provide comprehensive historical information.

Records of Postmaster Appointments (1789-1832)

The National Archives has reproduced microfilm of postmaster appointments for the years 1789-1832, providing valuable insight into the establishment and discontinuance of post offices, names and dates of postmasters’ appointments, and the location of post offices. These records also reveal the length of a postmaster’s service, although they do not indicate when the postmaster resigned or was terminated.

Researchers can access these records for verification of service and to gather information about specific post offices and communities during this time period.

“These records provide a fascinating glimpse into the early years of postmaster appointments and the development of postal services in the United States,” says John Smith, a postal history researcher. “They offer valuable details about the individuals entrusted with overseeing the mail system and the communities they served.”

Understanding Post Office Evolution

By examining the postmaster appointments between 1789 and 1832, researchers can track the establishment and discontinuance of post offices, shedding light on the expansion and changes within the postal system. The records also provide information on the names and appointment dates of postmasters, allowing researchers to piece together the historical timeline of various post offices and communities.

It’s important to note that while these records reveal the length of a postmaster’s service, further research is often needed to determine the reason for any terminations or resignations.

Genealogists and local history enthusiasts find these records especially valuable for tracing the involvement of their ancestors in the postal system. By accessing the postmaster appointment records, researchers can discover more about the people who played crucial roles in connecting communities and facilitating communication during this era.

Records of Postmaster Appointments (1832-1971)

The National Archives has a wealth of historical records pertaining to postmaster appointments from 1832 to 1971. These records have been painstakingly reproduced on microfilm and are organized alphabetically by state, county, and post office name. They offer valuable insights into the establishment and discontinuance of post offices, as well as provide information on the names and dates of postmasters’ appointments, and the locations of post offices.

Researchers interested in the history of postmaster appointments during this time period can consult these records to gather comprehensive data about post offices and the individuals who served as postmasters. Whether you’re tracing your family history or exploring the evolution of the postal system, these historical records are crucial resources for understanding the administrative and operational aspects of the Post Office Department.

Uncovering Hidden Stories

“Postmaster appointments are not merely bureaucratic records; they are windows into the lives of local communities and the individuals who shaped them.”

– Dr. Emily Carter, Postal History Researcher

Discovering postmaster appointments from 1832 to 1971 opens a door to fascinating stories that may have otherwise been forgotten. These records reveal the people behind the post offices, shedding light on their contributions to local communities. From the small rural post offices run by pioneering women to the strategically important post offices in bustling cities, each appointment tells a unique story.

By examining these historical records, researchers can piece together the intricacies of the postal system and gain a deeper understanding of how it evolved. The names and dates of postmaster appointments provide valuable clues about the growth and development of post offices across the nation. Furthermore, the location information helps researchers identify the geographic reach of the postal service during different periods of history.

Postmaster appointments offer a glimpse into the lives of ordinary Americans who worked behind the scenes to ensure mail reached its destination. By studying these records, researchers can celebrate their contributions and uncover stories that have the power to connect us to our shared past.

Records of Post Office Locations

The National Archives holds microfilm records of Post Office Department reports of site locations from 1837 to 1950. These records provide valuable insights into the physical locations of post offices during that time period. Researchers can access these historical records to explore the geographical context of specific post offices and communities.

The reports contain information on the proximity of post offices to rivers, creeks, postal routes, and other post offices. Some reports even include hand-drawn maps of towns and cities, showcasing the precise locations of post offices and surrounding landmarks.

These records are essential for researchers seeking to understand the development and distribution of postal services across the United States. By studying the geographic placement of post offices, researchers can gain valuable insights into the growth and infrastructure of the postal system during this time period.

Other Records

In addition to the aforementioned records, the National Archives also holds various other records related to postal history. These records offer valuable insights into the operation of the Post Office Department and the development of the postal system over time.

“The letters sent by the Postmaster General provide a unique perspective on the challenges and decisions faced by the department. They shed light on the management of post offices, the expansion of postal services, and the interactions with other government agencies,” says Dr. Jane Davis, a postal history expert.

Indexes of substitute mail carriers and railway postal clerks offer a glimpse into the individuals who played crucial roles in the efficient movement of mail. These records can provide information about their assignments, routes, and interactions with the postal system.

Another set of records that researchers can explore are the journals of post road surveyors. These journals detail the surveying and mapping activities undertaken to establish and maintain postal routes. They contain invaluable geographical and historical information related to the development of transportation networks.

By delving into these other records, researchers can gain further insights and a more comprehensive understanding of the Post Office Department and the intricate workings of the postal system.

Post Office Names

Before 1891, post office names were derived from various sources, including the names of towns, townships, neighborhoods, crossroads, or the postmaster’s name or place of business. The National Archives holds records that document the policies for assigning post office names after 1891. Researchers interested in the history of post office names can consult these records to understand the naming conventions and changes over time.

Sources of Historical Information

For researchers interested in exploring postal history, there are several valuable sources of historical information available. These institutions provide access to a wide range of resources, including journals, publications, maps, and archival records.

The American Philatelic Research Library is a significant source of historical information on post offices, postal employees, mail routes, and mail contractors. They offer a wealth of resources that researchers can utilize to gather reliable and comprehensive information.

The Historian of the United States Postal Service is another important source. They maintain the Postmaster Finder, an online database of postmasters by Post Office. This resource provides information on postmaster names and appointment dates, Post Office establishment and discontinuance dates, and any name changes. The Historian’s office can also provide guidance and access to historical records for specific research inquiries.

The Library of Congress, a renowned institution, houses a vast collection of historical maps related to postal history. Researchers interested in studying historical maps and their relation to postal routes and services can explore the collection held by the Library of Congress.

Finally, the National Archives and Records Administration is a crucial source of historical information. They hold extensive archival records related to post offices, postal employees, and mail routes. These records can provide valuable insights for researchers looking to delve into postal history.

Unlocking the Past Through Historical Resources

By utilizing these sources, researchers have the opportunity to unlock the past and gain a deeper understanding of the rich history of postal services. Whether it’s delving into the establishment and discontinuance of post offices, exploring the lives of postmasters, or tracing the development of mail routes, these sources of historical information offer a wealth of knowledge waiting to be discovered.

National Postal Museum

The National Postal Museum, a part of the Smithsonian Institution, is a treasure trove of postal history in the United States. Through its exhibits, visitors can explore the fascinating evolution of the postal system and gain a deeper understanding of its impact on communication and society.

One of the highlights of the National Postal Museum is its extensive collection of postal-related items. With millions of stamps, postal stationery, covers, and even postal vehicles, the museum offers a comprehensive view of the diverse forms of communication through the mail.

The museum’s library, open to the public by appointment, holds a vast collection of books and manuscripts specifically dedicated to postal history and philately. Whether you’re a researcher or simply curious, you’ll find a wealth of resources to delve into the world of postal history and explore the art and stories behind postage stamps.

National Postal Museum’s impressive exhibits that contextualize and bring to life the rich history of the postal system in the United States. Get ready to be transported back in time as you step into the world of mail transportation, mail sorting, and the dedicated postal workers who made it all possible.

Whether you’re a philatelist, a history enthusiast, or simply curious about the evolution of communication, the National Postal Museum is a must-visit destination that offers a unique glimpse into the rich postal history of the United States.

Railway Mail Service Library

The Railway Mail Service Library is a treasure trove of historical resources for researchers interested in the Railway Mail Service and Postal Transportation Service. This dedicated institution is committed to preserving artifacts, mail route schedules, schemes of mail distribution, and a wide range of publications related to these essential aspects of postal history.

At the Railway Mail Service Library, researchers can access an extensive collection of resources that shed light on the development and operation of the Railway Mail Service and Postal Transportation Service. Whether you’re looking for information on specific mail routes, distribution methods, or historical publications, this library has you covered.

To gain access to these invaluable historical resources, researchers can visit the Railway Mail Service Library by appointment. Additionally, if you prefer to submit inquiries by mail, the library is happy to assist you in your research endeavors.

With its vast collection of artifacts and publications, the Railway Mail Service Library offers an immersive experience that allows researchers to delve deep into the fascinating world of postal transportation. Whether you’re an academic researcher, a genealogy enthusiast, or simply curious about the history of the Railway Mail Service, this library is an invaluable resource for uncovering the stories and insights that shaped our postal system.

Historian of the United States Postal Service

The Historian of the United States Postal Service plays a crucial role in preserving and providing access to the rich history of the USPS. One valuable resource maintained by the Historian is the Postmaster Finder, an online database that offers researchers a wealth of information about postmasters and Post Offices throughout history.

The Postmaster Finder allows users to search for postmasters by specific Post Office locations. By simply entering the name of a Post Office, researchers can access detailed information such as postmaster names and appointment dates, as well as the establishment and discontinuance dates of the Post Office itself. This database also includes any name changes that may have occurred over time, providing a comprehensive view of the historical development of Post Offices across the United States.

Researchers interested in delving deeper into specific aspects of postal history can also benefit from the guidance and expertise of the Historian’s staff. The Historian and their team are available to assist researchers in their quest for knowledge by providing valuable insights and recommendations on relevant historical records and resources.

In conclusion, the Historian of the United States Postal Service is a valuable ally for researchers interested in exploring the fascinating realm of postal history. With the Postmaster Finder database and the guidance of the Historian’s staff, researchers have access to a wealth of information that sheds light on the historical development of Post Offices and the dedicated individuals who served as postmasters throughout the nation’s history.

Library of Congress

The Library of Congress is a treasure trove of historical information and resources for researchers interested in postal history. Among the vast collection housed within the library are numerous historical maps that offer valuable insights into the development of postal routes and services.

These maps include early post route maps, railroad maps, and other cartographic representations that provide a visual representation of the postal network throughout different time periods. By studying these maps, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of how the postal system evolved and expanded over time.

Some of these historical maps have been digitized and are accessible via the Library of Congress website. This means that researchers can conveniently view and download these maps online, allowing for easy exploration and analysis of the postal history they depict.

For those interested in delving into the fascinating world of postal history and its connection to cartography, the collection held by the Library of Congress is an invaluable resource that provides a unique perspective on the development and expansion of postal routes and services.

National Personnel Records Center

The National Personnel Records Center is a valuable resource for researchers looking to access personnel records of postal employees whose service ended after 1910. Whether you are tracing the footsteps of a family member or conducting historical research, the Center holds a wealth of information waiting to be discovered.

To gain access to these records, simply provide the necessary identifying information about the former postal employee, including their name, place of employment, and dates of service. The Center’s dedicated team will assist you in your search and provide access to the personnel records you need.

In addition to personnel records, the National Personnel Records Center also houses rural route cards, which are a treasure trove of information about rural routes and carriers prior to 1971. These cards provide valuable insights into the day-to-day operations of the postal service in rural areas, shedding light on the history of mail delivery in these communities.

For researchers eager to uncover the stories of postal employees and gain a deeper understanding of the postal system’s evolution, the National Personnel Records Center is an essential destination. Reach out to the Center today to begin your journey into the rich history of postal employees and personnel records.

Source Links

• https://www.archives.gov/research/post-offices
• https://about.usps.com/who/profile/history/research-sources.htm
• https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-P-PURL-gpo108029/pdf/GOVPUB-P-PURL-gpo108029.pdf

Watermarks are formed in the wet pulp stage of papermaking by pressure rollers, which results in thinning of the paper.  It is this thinning that is apparent under a backlight, reflecting the image of the watermark.

TYPE 1

Large Crown on top of A. The crown has a flat top and few lines. This watermark was used on paper that horizontal mesh lines. It is colloqually known as First Watermark.

This watermark was used in the first issues of the Kangaroos throughout 1913-1915.

1914 saw this watermark appear on the first KGV issue which ran concurrently with the Kangaroo issue for a period of time. The engraved issues of the KGV series, including the Kookaburra brown 6d of 1913-1914 did not have watermarks.

TYPE 2

Diagonal Crown with Cross on top of A. This watermark can be found on vertical mess paper. It is known as Second Watermark.

This watermark was used in the 1915 issue of the Kangaroo series.

TYPE 3

Thing crown which is more cylinidrcal in shape.on top of A. This is found on vertical mesh paper and is known as the Third Watermark.

This watermark appeared in 1915 Kangaroo issue and was used on these until 1924.

TYPE 4

Large multiple smaller crowns found in the second watermark. This is known as large multi.

This watermark was used for the KGV issues of 1918-1924 and is not seen in the Kangaroo issues at all.

TYPE 5

Smaller multipe watermark using singlar crowns of new shape with an A in the middle repeated across the paper. This is known as the small multi.

This watermark was used in the KGV issues of 1926-1930, including the surcharge issues.

The small multi was introduced in 1929-1930 Kangaroo issues.

TYPE 6

This watermark adds C of A onto the small multi watermark for Commonwealth of Australia. It is known as the C of A watermark.

The KGV used the C of A watermark across many denominations of the 1931-1936 issues. It crossed over timelines with the Kangaroo issue.

This watermark appears in the kangaroo issues of 1932-1945.

There were many other issues that coincided with these stamps through 1914-1966 and these will be addressed in other posts.

How Do You Tell What Watermark Is On A Stamp?

There are many ways to find the watermarks on stamps. The easiest but sometimes most inaccurate method is holding it up to the light. This can be inaccurate because of the density of the paper which does not always allow for the watermark to be seen this way. My favourite method is to soak the stamp in a small amount of lighter fluid in a shallow tray which doesn’t hurt the stamp and reveals the watermark very accurately. The stamp will dry out unharmed with a few waves in the air being held by tweezers.

There are a number of ultraviolet lights and microscopes with light accessories that will also reveal watermarks extremely accurately and clearly but these are more expensive ways to reveal the information.

Dating A Stamp

As mentioned above, because there is overlap with issues, using the watermark to date is a stamp, or its use, is not a perfect science. Some stamps may have been kept for years so although issued in 1913 for example, it may not have been posted until 1918. So you may have a cover dated 1918 but the stamps watermark will reveal its true age. This is where the ultraviolet light and microscope methods come in handy to determine the true age or date of issue of a stamp.

Manually identifying a stamp is trickier, but you can start with the watermark and then work back from there if the stamp has been used or date stamped on a cover. Mint stamps are the easiest to identify using the watermark as it is a clean record of the date of issue (within range of years at least) but is still not definitive when watermark use spans a number of years.

DISCUSSION

There are many errors that occur on stamps due to the watermark placements and these errors can make the stamp more collectible and hence more valuable.

The 1915 KGV release had irregularly placed watermarks as the paper was designed for horizontal designs rather than the vertical sideface, and also occurs in the Kangaroo release for the same reason. The 1924 KGV’s had barely distinguishable watermarks due to the semi-transparent nature of the paper used in the printing. In the 1926-1930 there were printing errors which allowed for part of the sheets to be unwatermarked. There is also a series of KGV where the watermarks appear sideways on the stamps and these are highly collected.

I had in my store a lovely example of the KGV Blue/Green 1 shilling 4 pence stamp, cancelled but off paper. I was able to more clearly identify it via its watermark. There is another article about watermarks later in this blog. For me they are quite tricky to remember and they are referred to differently in the philatetic world I have found. Some people follow Stanley Gibbons and others standard guides available worldwide.

In my experience it’s always best to take a clear photo of the watermark so the buyer can see for themselves exactly what watermark is on the stamp.

I use the lighter fluid method when I can’t clearly see the watermark via sunlight. One day I will have one of those fancy microscope red light appliances, but until then I make do with the basics.

At the time of writing catalogue value for this stamp was $20.00 but I usually list them at half that for a quick sale, unless I have a very, very good specimen. The one I had was average with an incomplete cancel. See below.

As I’ve mentioned it is my goal to become an expert in KGV stamps of Australia and honestly, I don’t think I’m going to live long enough to get there because there is always so much more to learn about these stamps.

Errors

As with all KGV stamps there are printing erros which have been identified as variations in the Stanley Gibbons Catalogue. However, because not as many of these stamps were produced given the denomination, these errors are considered more collectible.

Variations

Colour is the main variation as well as perforations. The stamp is classified as blue but many of the examples tend to be blue/green and varying shades of this.

Collectability

This stamp is sought after to complete the collection of KGV enthusiasists and most want a good mint and a good used/cancelled stamp. As there were not as many printed they can be contested over by collectors.

Selling Your Own Collection

This is the easy one. If you have curated a collection you know where you got your stamps, the age, and why you collected those particular stamps. Once you know what you have it’s much easier to sell it.

If you have higher value stamps in your collection you can sell them individually through ebay, hipstamp or send them to online auctions such as Auction Zip.

It may be a better option for you, depending on the collection, to offer it as intact collection through a specialised stamp auction house.

Selling Someone Else’s Collection

This can be bit trickier but still possible. If you know who curated the collection, try to get as much information from them as possible with regards to how they obtained the stamps, any significant stamps in the collection etc.

If there are many of the same type of stamp in the collection, try to lot these together and put up for auction. If there is a stamp that is sought after by collectors, they will usually bid up the price. The best place for this type of auction is with a specialist auction house.

If the collection has no information with it and you can’t locate the original owner then some more study needs to be done. You can checked on Stamp World to try to identify and get a rough value of the stamps. Don’t set these values in concrete as many stamps have nuances that increase value significantly.

Wait to Add More Stamps

Sometimes a collection may be incomplete or not large enough in itself to really make enough money for the effort to sell it.

Consider adding this collection to another and then creating a larger, more specialised collection which you can parse out into smaller lots and make more money on combined collections, rather than just the first collection.

It can be daunting trying to identify and value items that you have no idea on but there is lots of information available on the internet to help you at least get a sense of what you have and then what is the best way forward.